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__Enzyme questions 2.1__

1)in order to live all cells must metabolise and photosysynthesize or mitosize. 2) enzymes are biological catalysts because the speed up a biological reaction. 3a) an enzyme is a protein that works with a substrate to catalize a reaction 3b) enzymes belong to proteins. 3c) enzymes and their substrates work together to create a reaction. enzymes and substrates fit together in two ways: the 'lock and key fit 'and the 'induced fit' 3d) enzymes are involved in a persons metabolism 4) the specificity of an enzyme is how different enzymes work with different substrates to create different reactions. 6) enzymes can be used over and over because they dont die. they can be denatured when they are heated up to an unchangable point but other than that after a reaction has taken place the enzyme is still the same as at the start. 7a) activation energy is neeeded to start a reaction 7b) enzymes reduce the mount of activation energy needed for the reaction to take place 8a) enzyme affinity is how strongly an enzyme clings to its substrate? 8b) inhibitors can affect its affinity. inhibitors inhibit the bond between an enzyme and its substrate? 8c) if and enzyme is not as strongly bonded to a substrate it might not work as well or as briefly with that substrate to create an optimum reaction. 9) pH and temperature effect enzyme reactions by changind the conditions of where the enzyme is working. the enzyme works best at optimum temps and pH's and by altering this you alter the reaction. 10) factors affecting the rate of an enzyme-catalyst reaction. - temperature: the enzymes will work better at an optimum temperature depending on where the are. usually 37 degrees. if the temperature gets extremely hot they get denatured and dont work at all. - pH: enzymes are effected by pH because the pH also affects the rate an enzyme will react. optimum ph depends on enzyme. - other chemicals: could affect either enzyme or substrate? - amounts of reactants: if there is more substrate or enzyme the rate of reactions will change too much substrate and very slow or no reaction and vice versa. - coenzymes and cofactors: can be necessary for some reactions. if not there then reaction will not occur 11) a coenzyme is a small organic molecule that assists and enzyme. coenzymes are ofetn essential for the reaction to occur. a cofactor is a coenzyme with metallic ions. 12) commercial enzyme uses: - detergents - junket! 13)

__photosynthesis/respirations questions 3.1__ 1) the term energy defines the capacity to work. 2) energy is used by cells to transform, for active transport, photosynthesis and respiration. 3) respiration is an energy transformation. glucose and oxygen is transformed into carbon dioxide and water. 4) 5a) chemical energy is stored in the bonds of molecules b) the energy is released or aquired by cells using enzymes to control the chemical reactions.